Stroke
A stroke is a life-threatening event triggered by insufficient blood flow to a part of the brain. This typically occurs due to either a blocked artery or bleeding within the brain. When deprived of a steady blood supply, brain cells in the affected area begin to perish due to oxygen deprivation.
Ischemic stroke, the most common type, results from a blockage in the blood vessels, leading to a lack of oxygen and nutrients reaching the brain. In the absence of vital oxygen and nutrients, brain cells commence dying within minutes.
On the other hand, hemorrhagic stroke arises from sudden bleeding within the brain, exerting pressure on brain cells and causing damage.
Signs of a stroke include:
- Difficulty speaking or understanding speech. Individuals experiencing a stroke may exhibit confusion, slurred speech, or difficulty comprehending spoken language.
- Numbness, weakness, or paralysis on one side of the body, typically affecting the face, arm, or leg. A simple test involves lifting both arms; if one arm drifts downward, it may indicate a stroke. Additionally, a drooping or asymmetrical smile may be evident.
- Visual disturbances in one or both eyes, such as sudden blurred or darkened vision, or experiencing double vision.
- Onset of a sudden and severe headache, accompanied by vomiting, dizziness, or altered consciousness.
- Impaired walking ability, manifesting as stumbling, loss of balance, or coordination difficulties.
Treating a stroke hinges on various factors, primarily determined by the stroke type:
Ischemic Stroke: The primary focus with ischemic strokes is swiftly reinstating circulation to the affected brain regions. Rapid intervention can potentially prevent permanent damage or mitigate the severity of the stroke. This typically involves administering thrombolytic medications, alongside potential catheterization procedures.
Hemorrhagic Stroke: Treatment for hemorrhagic strokes is contingent upon the location and extent of the bleeding. Prioritizing blood pressure reduction is paramount, as it can mitigate further bleeding. Enhancing clotting mechanisms may also be considered to staunch bleeding. In some cases, surgical intervention becomes necessary to alleviate pressure on the brain caused by accumulated blood.